Reality Check: How to Protect Human Rights in the 3D Immersive Web
September 2023
Advances in immersive technologies mean that in the near future, people will consume digital content and interact in 3D, eclipsing the 2D Internet.
A new report by the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights explains two pressing risks related to the mass adoption of immersive technologies: an unprecedented erosion of privacy and proliferation of physical aggression in virtual environments.
Immersive technology will power the “metaverse,” the sprawling collection of virtual environments on which the Silicon Valley giant Meta has staked its future success.
Other large tech companies, including Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, and Sony, have made sizable investments in immersive technology as well, using alternative terms like “extended reality” (XR) and “spatial computing.” Regardless of the specific form that it takes, the 3D web will usher in new threats to human rights and exacerbate old ones. Businesses and policymakers should learn from the mistakes of the past and take proactive action to mitigate those harms.
Related
See allTrust, Play, and Platforms: Sharing Lessons for Safer Digital Spaces
Drawing on expert reflections from a September 2025 symposium, this paper examines how Trust & Safety governance in online gaming compares to social media and what the games industry's unique experience with community-driven moderation can teach policymakers and advocates working across all digital spaces.
Submission to the French Council on Artificial Intelligence and Digital Affairs
The Working Group on Gaming and Regulation filed a submission with the French Council on AI and Digital Affairs, responding to a mission assessing the potential risks of video games for minors.
Digital Aftershocks: Online Mobilization and Violence in the United States
Our new report draws on open-source intelligence to trace how extremist actors coordinate across online platforms to justify violence and recruit supporters, offering a framework for policy and platform response.
Technology & Democracy

